怎么样减3斤配图，仅供参考
Approach to the Treatment of Obesity to Reduce CVD and Renal DiseaseIt has been suggested that an underlying cause of obesity is a small but prolonged incremental positive energy balance . If sustained over long periods of time,even very small differences between energy intake and energy expenditure can lead to significant weight gain. One of the crucial parts of any approach to weight loss is setting a reasonable initial target goal. In 1998,the National Institute of Health (NIH) published guidelines for the identification,evaluation,and treatment of obesity in adults . These guidelines recommended an initial weight loss goal of 10% of the baseline body weight over a period of 6 months as this is an achievable goal and can significantly decrease the severity of obesity-related risk factors. Further weight loss can be considered once these initial targets have been achieved. Many patients successfully achieve their goal weight,but they are unable to maintain it. Continued support with behavior modification therapy to encourage healthy diet and regular physical activity has been shown to be beneficial.
A multimodal approach is needed for effective weight loss and for maintenance of weight loss. Some key points emphasized in the NIH clinical guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of obesity are as follows :
(1) A low-calorie diet (LCD; 800–1,200 kcal/day) can reduce total body weight by an average of 8% over 6 months and can help reduce abdominal fat.
(2) A very-low-calorie diet (VLCD; 250–800 kcal/day) produces greater initial weight loss than a LCD,but long-term weight loss at >1 year is similar with both diets.
(3) Aerobic exercises result in modest weight loss and may reduce abdominal fat in overweight and obese adults. It may also improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
(4) Reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity,when used in combination,produce greater weight loss than the use of either modality alone.
(5) When behavior therapy is used in combination with other weight loss approaches,it provides additional short-term benefits.
(6) Pharmacological therapy for obesity should only be used as part of a comprehensive weight loss program (including diet and physical activity) for patients with a BMI of ≥30 with no concomitant obesity-related risk factors,or for patients with a BMI of ≥27 with concomitant obesity-related risk factors or diseases.
(7) Bariatric surgery is an option for severely obese patients (BMI ≥40 or ≥35 with comorbid conditions) who are at high risk of obesity-related morbidity and who have failed a trial of less invasive interventions.
(8) The initial goal of weight loss therapy should be to reduce body weight by approximately 10% from baseline weight.
(9) Target weight loss should be approximately 1–2 pounds/week for a period of 6 months.
(10) Initially,moderate levels of physical activity for 30–45 min at least 3–5 days per week should be encouraged.","department":"
