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Weight Loss StrategiesWeight loss and maintenance strategies include dietary therapy,physical activity,lifestyle modification,behaviour therapy,pharmacotherapy and occasionally surgery. Using these techniques the goals are,at least to prevent further weight gain,or achieve weight reduction and maintain the lower body weight over a long term .
Several expert panels have suggested the best methods of assessing and treating obesity. Currently,weight loss therapy is recommended for patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and those with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 or a high-risk waist circumference who additionally have two or more cardiovascular risk factors . Treatment must be geared to a 10-percent body weight reduction over a 6-month period,at a rate of 0.5 to 1 kg per week (2 – 4 kg per month) .
Dietary therapy should ensure an intake reduced by 500 to 1,000 kcal/day from the current level. Low calorie diets (LCDs) containing 1,000 to 1,200 kcal/day for most women and between 1,200 kcal/day and 1,600 kcal/day for men can result in sufficient weight reduction. Very low calorie diets (VLCDs) containing less than 800 kcal/day are no more effective than LCDs in producing weight loss and are to be discouraged .
Physical activity increases energy expenditure and also reduces the risk of heart disease more than that achieved by weight loss alone. Physical activity (walking,dancing,gardening,household chores and team or individual sports) should be increased slowly to a level that ensures at least 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most,and preferably all,days of the week. Behavioural strategies including self-monitoring,stress management and social support can enhance the gains from dietary methods and physical activity .
Drug therapy should be used only in conjunction with diet,physical activity changes,and behaviour therapy and only when these measures have failed to promote weight loss after 6 months . Orlistat,an oral pancreatic lipase inhibitor which inhibits the absorption of 30% of ingested fat from the intestine,is currently the only drug approved by the Ghana Food and Drugs Board for long-term treatment of obesity. Its side-effects may include abdominal pain,flatulence and oily stools following a meal containing fat.
Weight loss surgery,using various techniques,is an option only for well-informed and motivated patients who have clinically severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) or a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 accompanied by serious co-morbid conditions .","department":"
